If you’re thinking of gifting assets to your family and friends, it can be a good idea to do this during your lifetime. Giving the gift during your lifetime reduces the value of your estate – which, in turn, will reduce what’s later due in inheritance tax (IHT).
Understanding the rules around lifetime gifts helps you plan out your gifts in the most tax-efficient way, while passing on the assets you want to give to your nearest and dearest.
Which gifts are covered by the legislation?
The legislation covers gifts that fall immediately outside of your estate, as opposed to potentially-exempt transfers (PETs). These PETs can be added back in whole, or in part, if you (as the donor) don’t survive for seven years.
Gifts to charities and to political parties fall outside the estate and are ignored for IHT.
Other gifts that fall immediately outside of your estate for IHT purposes fall into three categories. The monetary limits are per tax year.
Excluded transfers
Gifts of property situated outside of the UK by non-UK-domiciled individuals have no adverse IHT consequences.
Ignored transfers
This covers gifts to maintain family members and covers spouses, civil partners and minor children (children over 18 if in full-time education). It can also include a dependant relative who is incapacitated because of illness or age.
Exempt transfers
Gifts on marriage up to £5,000 (to a child), £2,500 (grandchild or great grandchild) or £1,000 (any other recipient) are free of IHT implications.
Annual gifts not exceeding £250 to any recipient can be made, so this covers things like Christmas and birthday gifts. These gifts cannot be increased by using part of the annual exemption.
Other gifts up to a maximum annual exemption of £3,000 in total can be gifted each tax year. Any of the previous year’s allowance that was unused can be utilised in the following year, after the current year’s allowance is used.
What is a ‘normal expenditure out of income’?
There is another exemption for ‘normal expenditure out of income’. This has no fixed upper value but the gift(s) must satisfy three conditions:
- To be ‘normal’, HMRC would like to see a historic pattern of similar gifts over three or four previous years. That could perhaps be shortened by setting up a standing order payment and writing to the recipient to tell them that you intend to continue the payments for the foreseeable future.
- To be made out of income, you should be able to show that the gifts would be sustainable despite (if applicable) fluctuating income, without you having to dip into your savings.
- Finally, you shouldn’t need to realise any of your capital assets, or reduce your standard of living, to afford the gift.
Talk to us about using gifts to reduce your inheritance tax liability
If you think the total value of your estate may be above the IHT threshold, it’s advisable to talk to us about IHT planning. By putting the right plans in place, you can reduce the IHT impact.
If you’d like to talk about IHT planning, or would like to arrange a review of your particular circumstances, please do contact us for a chat.
